measurement

http://emit.manukau.ac.nz/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_tab_group_id=_2_1&url=%2Fwebapps%2Fblackboard%2Fexecute%2Flauncher%3Ftype%3DCourse%26id%3D_50188_1%26url%3D

FENCING AND RAMPS

                                    RESEARCH ON FENCING, STAIRS AND RAMPS.
FENCING:
When installed stairs must:

• have the treads installed perfectly level to ensure occupant safety
• be securely fixed in place, preferably screw or bolt fixings
• have tread and riser dimensions that ensure the safety of users
• be fitted with handrails (for the safety of the users) which comply with the NZBC.

As it is convenient for stair to be installed as soon as the builing is closed in, it is important that they are protected from damage during remaining construction and finishing work.

 http://www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/council/services/guides/docs/0003.pdf

RAMPS:

           
Basic Building Access Ramp Specifications & Safety Defects
Here we discuss and illustrate the requirements for safe, useable interior and exterior access ramps in buildings. Readers should note that the design specifications for permitted slope and other specifications for ramps that are not used for building entry or exit, such as curb cuts, are different from those used at building entrances. For example a steeper slope may be permitted on non-access ramps. For complete details about building access ramp construction: slope, width, railings, non-slip surfaces, steps, landings at ramps, etc. see the standards, code, and ADA references at the end of this document.

Building Access Ramp Slope or Pitch

The combination of a sloped surface with conditions that can make that walking surface slippery, especially at outdoor building access ramps, forms a falling hazard at both ramp ascent, and ramp descent for nearly everyone. These hazards are particularly increased if the ramp pitch is too steep. The desirable ramp slope standard, one inch of rise in 12 inches of run (about 8.3 percent slope), has been adopted by most building codes regardless of whether or not the access ramp is specifically for people with disabilities.
If a building access ramp (also called an egress ramp) is located within an accessible route of travel and is used as a means of egress (exiting from a building), the ramp slope should be 1:12 (4.8 degrees, 8.3 percent) or less in the direction of travel. This standard is reflected in at least four building standards: UBC 1003.3.4.3, BOCA 1016.3, ADA 4.8.2, IBC 1010.2, and is elaborated in an excellent book that we recommend on stairs and ramps, Slips, Trips, Missteps and Their Consequences, by Bakken et als.
If the ramp is NOT located within an accessible route of egress (say a ramp giving access between the street and an elevated sidewalk), the slope of the ramp may be a little steeper (1:8 rather than 1:12, or 7.1 degrees, or 12.5 percent) in the direction of travel.
Incidentally, depending on terrain, a ramp may slope upwards towards a building entry/exit door, or it may slope downwards towards the entry door. In either case, the ramp slope rules and standards are the same and the trip/fall hazards are essentially the same.

Measuring the slope of a ramp is simple:

1. Project a horizontal line (use a string, level, and stake if it helps) outwards from the uppermost end of the ramp - say the building entry platform - and the end of the ramp. Keep this line dead level.
2. Measure the Ramp's Rise: Measure the height (the vertical distance) from the horizontal line to the ground surface at the end of the ramp or its landing platform. This is the total rise of the ramp.
3. Measure the Ramp's Run: Measure the ramp's total horizontal distance from one end of the ramp to the other - say from the point at which the ramp reaches a level building entry platform or entry door to the opposite end of the ramp.
4. State the Resulting Ramp Slope: Simply write the total rise divided by the total run to express the slope as a percent (1 inch of rise / 12 inches of run = 8.3% slope), or write the slope as a ratio such as 1:12, also expressed as "one in twelve".

Ramp Slope Example 1: if your ramp is twelve feet long (144 inches) and the rise is twelve inches (12 inches) then the slope of the ramp is 12:144, or simplifying, dividing both sides of the equation by 12, the slope can be written as 1:12 - which meets the desired ADA standard.
Ramp Slope Example 2: If the ramp is twelve feet long (144 inches) and the total rise is four feet (48 inches) then the slope of the ramp is 48:144, or simplifying by dividing both sides of the equation by 12, the slope of this ramp is written as 4:12 (and the ramp is too steep, likely to result in a fall).

An Explanation of Building Access Ramp Slip and Fall Hazards

Slips, Trips, Missteps and Their Consequences, by Bakken et als. provides clear and well-thought out explanations of how and why people slip and fall on stairs, walks, and ramps. Section 20.2 in Bakken et als. discusses ramp design specs and falls on ramps. The following quotes are from that text

TIMBER ASSIGNMENT

15/03/2011
   
1.Name 5 types of timber used for construction in New Zealand?

1.kahikatea(white pine)
2.kauri
3.matai
4.rewa rewa (honeysuckle)
5.tawa

2. What is the difference between exotic, native and imported timber and give an example of each?

EXOTIC: timbers are from over seas but been grown in New Zealand.(pine)
NATIVE: ITS BEEN GROWN IN NEW ZEALAND(kahikatea white pine)
IMPORTED: ITS BEEN GROWN OVER SEAS AND IMPORTED TO NEW ZEALAND (Fijian kauri)

3.What is timber treated to protect it from insect and fungal (rot) attack?

For timber-framed builings, significant portions of the timber used must be treated to protect againts damage by wood boring insects or from moisture. The level of treatment required varies with the level of risk of moisture damage to the timber and the location of the timber within the builing framing.

4.How does timber treatment fit in with the New Zealand builing code (NZBC)?

In 2004, Acceptable Solution B2/AS1 was amended to cite NZS 3602: 2003 Timber and Wood-based Products for Use in Building. The Standard introduced a number of changes including the introduction of two new hazard classes for treated timber - H3.1 and H3.2.

Although both H3.1 and H3.2 can be used for timber exposed to exterior conditions not in ground contact, there are important differences between them. This article is a fresh reminder of their relative uses and how to identify them on site.

DUMPY

                                                       DUMPY
14/03/11
             Getting to know how to use the dumpy.
1. set up tripod.
2. attach dumpy level.
3. adjust feet to get to centre.
4. line up vertical hair and cross hair.


5. going outside to set out a foundation and setting out batter boards
using the 3,4,5 method

finish for the day with dumpy level.

2:40pm in workshop back on my saw stool, and i made a mistake with my 2:6 diagonals for legs.
Did not check it be4 i start cutting.

TIMBER

                                                       TIMBER TREATMENTS   

SPECIES:

Native: rimu

Exotic: pine
Imported: kwila and balau

 TREATMENT:

 Types of treatment prevention from what? treated timber is to protect against damage by wood broing
insects or from moisture.

1.1 Protected from the weather, above ground Protected from the weather, always dry Borer Interior finishing timber –

H

see NZS 3602

H

but with a possibility of exposure to moisture

Protected from weather, but with a risk

of moisture content conducive to decay

Decay fungi and

borer

Wall framing –

see NZS 3602
1.2 Protected from the weather, above ground,
H3

(A

S/NZSZS 1604)

Exposed to the weather, above ground Periodic wetting, not in contact with

the ground

Decay fungi and

borer

Plywood – see NZS 3602

H3.

the ground

Decay fungi and

borer

Cladding, fascia, joinery

– see NZS 3602

H3.2

protected from the weather but with a risk

of moisture entrapment

Periodic wetting, not in contact with

the ground, more critical end uses

Decay fungi and

borer

Decks, pergolas,

external beams, posts

not in ground

H4

in fresh water

Ground contact, or conditions of severe or

continuous wetting

Decay fungi and

borer

Fence posts, landscaping

timbers not requiring

a building consent

H5

in fresh water

Ground contact, or conditions of severe or

continuous wetting, where uses are critical

and where a higher level of protection than

H4 is required

Decay fungi and

borer

House piles and poles,

crib walling, posts in

ground for decks,

verandas, pergolas
Exposed to the weather, in ground orExposed to the weather, in ground orExposed to the weather, above ground or1 Exposed to the weather, above ground Periodic wetting, not in contact withSTRENGTH APPREARANCE?

Aluminium is a poor insulator (metal conducts heat). The most common framing material, it is light, strong, durable and low maintenance. Choose aluminium framing products with thermal breaks (which place insulation between the interior and exterior part of the frame) or aluminium combined with other materials.

Timber is a good insulator, improving with frame thickness. Although a traditional framing material, it is less durable and should be treated and sealed for weathertightness to reduce swelling and shrinkage when exposed to rain and sun. It needs regular maintenance.

Composite timber-aluminium windows are better insulators than aluminium. Aluminium sits outside and is joined to the internal timber facing with a moisture barrier. They combine durability with a timber look for inside areas.

uPVC is a good insulator made from vinyl plastic. It is light, low maintenance and steel-reinforced for strength. Because uPVC is affected by ultraviolet light, durability needs proving in NZ conditions. Manufacture of uPVC uses petrochemicals and creates hazardous wastes  - see exterior building materials for more. uPVC use is growing in New Zealand.

Steel has largely been replaced by aluminium except for fire-rated windows and heritage building renovations.

Exposed to the weather, in ground orExposed to the weather, in ground orExposed to the weather, above ground or1S/NZSZS 16041.21.1  

Departmet of labour questions

                                                   DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR

1. WHAT DO DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR DO?

The New Zealand department of labour was estalished in 1891 and its primary role is to improve

the performance of the labour market and throu this, strengthen the econonomy and increase the standard of living for thoes in New Zealand.

    2.   HOW DO CONTACT THEM?

P.O.Box 3705 wellington

phone: 64 4915 440

fax:+64 4 915 4015

New Zealand Immigration Service
Telephone 0508 558 855 (within New Zealand but outside Auckland), or 09 914 4100 (from within Auckland

    3.HOW CAN THEY HELP WITH ACCIDENT COMPENSATION?

    Providing purchase, policy, and monitoring advice to the Government on accident prevention, compensation and rehabilitation issues; and monitoring accident insurance claims made against contracts entered into in 1999/2000.

     4. WHAT ARE THEIR RESPONSIBILITIES?

Helping build the capacity of communities and assisting them to identify and achieve new opportunities for ongoing employment and community involvement. Providing advice to the Government on employment policies and services, and information on skills and work.

    5. WHAT ARE SOME BASIC RIGHTS AN EMPLOYER PROVIDE A EMPLOYEE?

setting the minimum rights you have as an employee with

paid time off work

the minimum you can get paid

public holidays

sick leave

bereavement leave

DRAWING BOARD PART TWO

02/03/11

1. Today job is to even both side of board with the thicknesser, and take 10mm off both side.

thicknesser.

              2. after that using the table saw cutting 500mm down from 600.                       

Table saw.

               3. Marking out measurement for hand holder and pencil hold.

Using a drill to drill out a holes were the hand holder will be.
                

                             4.With the jigsaw i cut outlines i measured and drilled

jigsaw

           

                              5.

DRAWING BOARD

                                      Drawing board
01/03/11
Using 3 timbers and marking out measurements on timber for bisciut cutter.
After that move onto putting the bisciut inside the hole that the bisciut cutter cut out.

Ok! now i glue the inside of three timber with bisciuts.